Las dietas tradicionales, su impacto en el microbioma intestinal y la salud humana
Resumen
Uno de los retos actuales más importantes en términos de la salud alimentaria, es el aumento en la ingesta de alimentos industrializados y ultra procesados vinculados a la dieta occidentalizada que se ha expandido a lo largo de casi todas las regiones del planeta. La incorporación de alimentos con altos contenidos de carbohidratos, grasas y componentes artificiales en la dieta de las personas de países biodiversos como México ha tenido importantes repercusiones en la salud de sus habitantes, ya que ha habido un aumento gradual de la obesidad y otras enfermedades asociadas. A pesar de ello, la dieta tradicional mexicana mantiene alimentos naturales y poco procesados, principalmente en regiones indígenas y campesinas del país. La dieta tradicional mexicana en la región central de México se basa en una extensa variedad de productos nativos y exóticos cultivados localmente y a pequeña escala en su mayoría, provenientes de huertos familiares y sistemas de policultivo para autoconsumo y para comercio de cercanía. Argumentamos que el consumo de una variedad de alimentos que conforman las dietas tradicionales, en particular aquellos producidos en sistemas agroecológicos tradicionales, pueden beneficiar significativamente la salud de las personas, a partir de cambios substanciales en la composición del microbioma intestinal.
Descargas
Citas
Allison, S.D., y Martiny, J.B.H. (2008). Resistance, resilience, and redundancy in microbial communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105(1), 11512-11519. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801925105
Amato, K.R., Leigh, S.R., Kent, A., Mackie, R.I., Yeoman, C.J., Stumpf, R.M., Wilson, B.A., Nelson, K.E., White, B.A., y Garber, P.A. (2015). The gut microbiota appears to compensate for seasonal diet variation in the wild black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra). Microbial Ecology, 69(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0554-7
Barelli, C., Albanese, D., Stumpf, R.M., Asangba, A., Donati, C., Rovero, F., y Hauffe, H.C. (2020). The gut microbiota communities of wild arboreal and ground-feeding tropical primates are affected differently by habitat disturbance. mSystems, 5(3), e00061-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00061-20
Berg, G., Rybakova, D., Fischer, D., Cernava, T., Champomier Vergès, M.C., Charles, T., Chen, X., Cocolin, L., Eversole, K., Herrero Corral, G., Kazou, M., Kinkel, L., Lange, L., Lima, N., Loy, A., Macklin, J.A., Maguin, E., Mauchline, T., McClure, R., Mitter, B., et al. (2020). Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges. Microbiome, 8(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00875-0
Bourdeau-Julien, I., Castonguay-Paradis, S., Rochefort, G., Perron, J., Lamarche, B., Flamand, N., Di Marzo, V., Veilleux, A., y Raymond, F. (2023). The diet rapidly and differentially affects the gut microbiota and host lipid mediators in a healthy population. Microbiome, 11, 26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-023-01469-2
Castillo, A.M., Alavez, V., Castro-Porras, L., Martínez, Y., y Cerritos, R. (2020). Analysis of the current agricultural production system, environmental, and health indicators: Necessary the rediscovering of the pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican diet? Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00005
CIAD. (24 de julio de 2023). Nuevas guías alimentarias para la población mexicana y el Plato del Bien Comer.
https://www.ciad.mx/nuevas-guias-alimentarias-para-la-poblacion-mexicana-y-el-plato-del-bien-comer/
Clark, S.E., Hawkes, C., Murphy, S.M.E., Hansen-Kuhn, K.A., y Wallinga, D. (2012). Exporting obesity: US farm and trade policy and the transformation of the Mexican consumer food environment. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 18(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1179/1077352512Z.0000000007
Cordain, L, Brand Miller, J., Boyd Eaton, S., Mann, N., Holt, S.H.A., y Speth, J.D. (2000). Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(3), 682-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.3.682
de Vos, W.M., Tilg, H., Van Hul, M., y Cani, P.D. (2022). Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut, 71(5), 1020-1032. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326789
Diakité, M.T., Diakité, B., Koné, A., Balam, S., Fofana, D., Diallo, D., Kassogué, Y., Traoré, C.B., Kamaté, B., Ba, D., Ly, M., Ba, M., Koné, B., Maiga, A.I., Achenbach, C., Holl, J., Murphy, R., Hou, L., y Maigam, M. (2022). Relationships between gut microbiota, red meat consumption and colorectal cancer. Journal of Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, 13(3), 1000385.
David, L.A., Maurice, C.F., Carmody, R.N., Gootenberg, D.B., Button, J.E., Wolfe, B.E., Ling, A.V., Devlin, A.S., Varma, Y., Fischbach, M.A., Biddinger, S.B., Dutton, R.J., y Turnbaugh, P.T. (2014). Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature, 505(7484), 559-563. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820
Espinoza-Pérez, J., Cortina-Villar, S., Perales, H., Soto-Pinto, L., y Méndez-Fores, O.G. (2023). Autoabasto en la dieta campesina del Totonacapan poblano (México): implicaciones para la agrodiversidad. Región y Sociedad, 35, e1717. https://doi.org/10.22198/rys2023/35/1717
García, S., Pastor, R., Monserrat-Mesquida, M., Álvarez-Álvarez, L., Rubín-García, M., Martínez-González, M.A., Salas-Salvadó, J., Corella, D., Fitó, M., Martínez, J.A., Tojal-Sierra, L., Wärnberg, J., Vioque, J., Romaguera, D., López-Miranda, L., Estruch, R., Tinahones, F.J., Santos-Lozano, J.M., Serra-Majem, L, Cano-Ibañez, N., et al. (2023). Ultra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 891, 164417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164417
García-Vázquez, R., López-Santiago, M.A., Alcalá, V., Sánchez-Toledano, R., y Isabel, B. (2022). Use of traditional food and proposal for the dish of good eating for the Totonac region. Agro Productividad. https://doi.org/10.32854/agrop.v15i1.2057
Gupta, S., Hawk, T., Aggarwal, A., y Drewnowski, A. (2019). Characterizing ultra-processed foods by energy density, nutrient density, and cost. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 70. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00070
Heiman, M.L., y Greenway, F.L. (2016). A healthy gastrointestinal microbiome is dependent on dietary diversity. Molecular Metabolism, 5(5), 317-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2016.02.005
Hewlett, B.S. (2016). Social learning and innovation in hunter-gatherers. En H. Terashima y B.S. Hewlett (Eds.), Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers. Evolutionary and ethnographic perspectives (pp. 1-15). Springer Japan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55997-9
Hohmann, G. (2009). The diets of non-human primates: frugivory, food processing, and food sharing. En J.J. Hublin y M.P. Richards (Eds.), The Evolution of Hominin Diets. Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology (1-14). Springer.
INPI. (2020). Atlas de los pueblos indígenas de México. Totonacos. https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/totonacos-puebla-y-veracruz/
Kennedy, M.S., y Chang, E. B. (2020). The microbiome: composition and locations. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 176, 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.013
Lancaster, S.L., Lee-McMullen, B., Abbott, C.W., Quijada, J.V., Hornburg, D., Park, H.,
Perelman, D., Peterson, D.J., Tang, M., Robinson, A., Ahadi, S., Contrepois, K., Hung, C, Ashland, M, McLaughlin, T., Boonyanit, A., Horning, A., Sonnenburg, J.L., y Snyder, M.P. (2022). Global, distinctive, and personal changes in molecular and microbial profiles by specific fibers in humans. Cell Host & Microbe, 30(6), 848-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.036
Lim, J.Y., Wasserman, M.D., Veen, J., Després-Einspenner, M., y Kissling, W.D. (2021). Ecological and evolutionary significance of primates’ most consumed plant families. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 288(1953), 20210737. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0737
Lou, I.X., Ali, K., y Chen, Q. (2023). Effect of nutrition in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1147177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1147177
Luca, F., Perry, G.H., y Di Rienzo, A. (2010). Evolutionary adaptations to dietary changes. Annual Review of Nutrition, 30, 291-314. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141048
Lugo‑Morin, D.R. (2022). Looking into the past to build the future: food, memory, and identity in the indigenous societies of Puebla, Mexico. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 9, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-022-00123-w
Mallott, E.K., y Amato, K.R. (2021). Host specificity of the gut microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 19(10), 639-653. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00562-3
Martínez-Mota, R., Kohl, K.D., Orr, T.J., y Dearing, M.D. (2020). Natural diets promote retention of the native gut microbiota of captive rodents. The ISME Journal, 14(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0497-6
Martínez-Mota, R., Righini, R., Mallott, E.K., Gillespie, T.R., y Amato, K.A. (2021). The relationship between pinworm (Trypanoxyuris) infection and gut bacteria in wild black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra). American Journal of Primatology, 83(12), e23330. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23330
Martínez-Mota, R., Righini, N., Mallott, E.K., Palme, R., y Amato, K.R. (2022). Environmental stress and the primate microbiome: glucocorticoids contribute to structure gut bacterial communities of black howler monkeys in anthropogenically disturbed forest fragments. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, Article 863242. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.863242
Moeller, A.H., y Sanders, J.G. (2020). Roles of the gut microbiota in the evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375, 20190597. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0597
Moreno-Calles, A.I., Casas, A., Rivero-Romero, A.D., Romero-Bautista, Y.A., Rangel-Landa, S., Fisher-Ortíz, R.A., Alvarado-Ramos, F., Vallejo-Ramos, M., y Santos-Fita, D. (2016). Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 12, 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0127-6
Nestle, M. (2019). How neoliberalism ruins traditional diets and health. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 7(8), P595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30142-1
Olm, M.R., Dahan, D., Carter, M.M., Merrill, B.D., Yu, F.B., Jain, S., Meng, X., Tripathi, S., Wastyk, H., Neff, N., Holmes, S., Sonnenburg, E.D., Jha, A.R., y Sonnenburg, J.L. (2022). Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles. Science, 376(6598), 1220-1223. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj29
Oxfam Executive Summary 2011 (24 de julio de 2023). Oxfam GROW Campaign 2011. Global Opinion Research–Topline Report. https://globescan.com/2011/05/20/oxfam-grow-campaign-2011-global-opinion-research-topline-report/
Pascual-Mendoza, S, Saynes-Vásquez, A., Pérez-Herrera, A., Meneses, M.E., Coutiño-Hernández, D., y Sánchez-Medina, M.A. (2023). Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of quelites consumed by indigenous communities in the municipality of Juquila Vijanos, Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 78(1), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-022-01039-1
Raichlen, D.A., Wood, B.M., Gordon, A.D., Mabulla, A.Z.P., Marlowe, F.W., y Pontzer, H. (2014). Evidence of Lévy walk foraging patterns in human hunter–gatherers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 111(2), 728-733. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318616111
Raubenheimer, D., Rothman, J.M., Pontzer, H., y Simpson, S.J. (2014). Macronutrient contributions of insects to the diets of hunter-gatherers: A geometric analysis. Journal of Human Evolution, 71, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.007
Rinott, E., Meir, A.Y., Tsaban, G., Zelicha, H., Kaplan, A., Knights, D., Tuohy, K., Scholz, M.U., Koren, O., Stampfer, M.J., Wang, D.D., Shai, I., y Youngster, I. (2022). The effects of the Green-Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic health are linked to gut microbiome modifications: a randomized controlled trial. Genome Medicine, 14, Article number 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-022-01015-z
Robbins, M.M., y Hohmann, G. (2006). Primate feeding ecology: an integrative approach. G. Hohmann, M.M. Robbins y C. Boesch (Eds.), Feeding Ecology in Apes and other Primates. Ecological, physical and behavioral aspects (pp. 1-13). Cambridge University Press.
Rocillo‑Aquino, Z., Cervantes‑Escoto, F., Leos‑Rodríguez, J.A., Cruz‑Delgado, D. y Espinoza‑Ortega, A. (2021). What is a traditional food? Conceptual evolution from four dimensions. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 8, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-021-00113-4
Sánchez-Ortiz, N.A., Unar-Munguía, M., Bautista-Arredondo, S., Shamah-Levy, T., y Colchero, M.A. (2022). Changes in apparent consumption of staple food in Mexico associated with the gradual implementation of the NAFTA. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(11), e0001144 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001144
Senghor, B., Sokhna, C., Ruimy, R., y Jean-Christophe Lagier, J.C. (2018). Gut microbiota diversity according to dietary habits and geographical provenance. Human Microbiome Journal, 7-8, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humic.2018.01.001
Sonnenburg, E.D., Smits, S.A., Tikhonov, M., Higginbottom, S.K., Windgreen, N.S., y Sonnenburg, J.L. (2016). Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations. Nature, 529(7585), 212-216. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16504.
Trakman, G.L., Fehily, S., Basnayake, C., Hamilton, A.L., Russell, E., Wilson-O’Brien, A., y Kamm, M.A. (2022). Diet and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal disease. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 37(2), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15728
Valerino-Perea, S., Lara-Castor, L., Armstrong, M.E.G., y Papadaki, A. (2019). Definition of the traditional Mexican diet and its role in health: A systematic review. Nutrients, 11(11), 2803. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112803
Wastyk, H.C., Fragiadakis, G.K., Perelman, D., Dahan, D., Merrill, B.D., Yu, F.B., Topf, M., Gonzalez C.G., Van Treuren, W., Han, S., Robinson, J.L., Elias, J.E., Sonnenburg, E.D., Gardner, C.D., y Sonnenburg, J.L. (2021). Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status. Cell, 184 (16), 4137-4153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.019
Weinstein, S.B., Martínez-Mota, R., Stapleton, T.E., Klure, D.M., Greenhalgh, R., Orr, T.J., Dale, C., Kohl, K.D., y Dearing, M.D. (2021). Microbiome stability and structure is governed by host phylogeny over diet and geography in woodrats (Neotoma spp.). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 118(47), e2108787118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108787118
World Population Review. (24 de julio de 2023). https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/by-gdp
Zinöcker, M.R., y Lindseth, I.A. (2018). The Western diet–microbiome-host interaction and its role in metabolic disease. Nutrients, 10(3), 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030365
Derechos de autor 2023 Universidad de Guadalajara
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
